Grammar — Class 10 CBSE English revision notes
A 5-page visual revision sheet for Grammar, written for Class 10 CBSE English. Formulas, diagrams and the traps that cost marks, laid out to be read the night before rather than the term before. Free, and it opens inside CapCompass.
Page 1 as PDF
Grammar in one look
five items, drilled till the right form arrives on its own
Tenses, the working map
- simple: a fact or a habit, I write, I wrote, I will write
- continuous: in progress at that moment, I am writing, I was writing, I will be writing
- perfect: finished before another point, I have written, I had written
- perfect continuous: began earlier and is still running, I have been writing since morning
Choosing the right tense
- a finished action with a past time word (yesterday, in 2019, last week) takes simple past
- an action still true now, with no exact time word attached, takes present perfect
- of two past actions, the earlier one takes past perfect: the train had left before we reached
- since and for pull the perfect forms: she has lived here since 2015, he has been waiting for an hour
- a timetable takes present simple: the bus leaves at six, the film starts at eight
Subject verb concord
- the verb agrees with the subject, not with a noun standing nearer: the box of pens is on the table
- each, every, either, neither, everyone, nobody all take a singular verb: each of the boys has a bag
- with either or and neither nor, the verb follows the nearer subject: neither the teacher nor the students were late
- a subject joined by with, along with or as well as keeps its own number: the principal, along with the teachers, was present
- news, mathematics, physics and politics look plural but take a singular verb
Concord cases that look wrong but are right
- two nouns naming one thing take a singular verb: bread and butter is a simple breakfast
- a collective noun acting as one body takes singular, acting as individuals takes plural: the jury was unanimous, the jury were divided
- a number of takes plural, the number of takes singular: a number of pupils are absent, the number of absentees is rising
- a distance, a sum or a period taken as one quantity takes singular: ten kilometres is a long walk
One verb through all twelve forms
- present: I go, I am going, I have gone, I have been going
- past: I went, I was going, I had gone, I had been going
- future: I will go, I will be going, I will have gone, I will have been going
- learn the grid on one verb, then swap the verb in, every other verb follows the same four shapes
Page 1 of 5. The full sheet, all 5 pages, opens free in the app.
What this Grammar sheet covers
- Tenses
- Tenses, the working map
- Choosing the right tense
- Subject Verb Concord
- Concord
- Concord cases that look wrong but are right
- One verb through all twelve forms
- Verbs that refuse the continuous
- Modals
- Modals, sorted by what they do
- Ability, permission, possibility
- Obligation, advice, habit
- Modals, worked lines
- Determiners
- Determiners, by class
- Articles
- Demonstratives
- Quantifiers
- Possessives
- Distributives
- Determiners that trip students
- Modals looking back at a finished moment
- Reported Speech
- Reported speech, the four moves
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- Reported statements, worked lines
- Reported questions, worked lines
- Commands and Requests
- Reported commands and requests, worked lines
- Backshift and word shift, the map
- Reports that break the pattern
- Editing, the fixed scan order
- 5
- Gap Filling
- Gap filling, one or two words
- Editing
- Transformation
- Editing and Transformation
- Transformation, worked lines
- Transformation, active into passive, fully worked
- Traps that cost marks
- Tricks that save time
How CapCompass uses this sheet
These notes are not a standalone PDF. CapCompass plans English chapter by chapter against your real exam dates and free hours, and when the plan reaches Grammar the sheet opens inside the study block itself — at the page covering the sub-topic that block is on, with the timer still running. Revision arrives at the moment the plan says revise, instead of having to be gone looking for.