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Differentiation — Class 11 Maharashtra HSC Mathematics revision notes

A 5-page visual revision sheet for Differentiation, written for Class 11 Maharashtra HSC Mathematics. Formulas, diagrams and the traps that cost marks, laid out to be read the night before rather than the term before. Free, and it opens inside CapCompass.

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Differentiation in one look

the rate of change at a single instant, built from a limit of a limiting ratio

Rate of change, and the definition of the derivative

  • average speed is total distance over time taken
  • the SPEED AT AN INSTANT is the limit of that ratio as the time shrinks to zero
  • for f defined near a, if lim_hto0f(a+h)-f(a)/h exists
  • then f is differentiable at a, and this limit is f'(a)
  • the process of finding a derivative is called differentiation; for a general x, f'(x)=dy/dx where y=f(x)

Left-hand and right-hand derivatives

  • left-hand derivative at a: Lf'(a)=lim_hto0^-f(a+h)-f(a)/h
  • right-hand derivative at a: Rf'(a)=lim_hto0^+f(a+h)-f(a)/h
  • f is differentiable at a exactly when Lf'(a)=Rf'(a); that common value is f'(a)

Worked: derivative of the square root, from first principle

Q. find the derivative of f(x)=√x using the first-principle definition

  1. f'(x)=lim_hto0frac√x+h-√xh
  2. multiply top and bottom by the conjugate √x+h+√x: the numerator becomes (x+h)-x=h
  3. frachh(√x+h+√x)=frac1√x+h+√x, valid since h≠0 as the limit is approached
  4. let hto0: frac1√x+√x

Answer: f'(x)=frac12√x

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