Mechanical Properties of Fluids — Class 11 CBSE Physics revision notes
A 7-page visual revision sheet for Mechanical Properties of Fluids, written for Class 11 CBSE Physics. Formulas, diagrams and the traps that cost marks, laid out to be read the night before rather than the term before. Free, and it opens inside CapCompass.
Page 1 as PDF
Mechanical Properties of Fluids in one look
pressure pushes everywhere at once, and a narrower pipe always means faster and lower
Pressure in a fluid
- pressure is force per unit area, acting normal to the surface
- a scalar: it has no direction of its own
- at a point in a fluid at rest it is the same in every direction
- it grows with depth, and one level of a connected fluid has one pressure
Pressure and depth
- definition, SI unit the pascal
P = F/A,quad 1 Pa = 1 N/m^2 - absolute pressure at depth h
P = P_a + ρ g h - gauge pressure
P - P_a = ρ g h - between two depths
Δ P = ρ g (h_2 - h_1)
Measuring pressure
- mercury barometer: P_a = ρ g h of the standing column
- its height ignores the tube's tilt and width
- open tube manometer: h gives the gauge pressure
- 1 atm = 1.013×10^5 Pa = 76 cm of mercury; 1 torr = 1 mm of mercury
Page 1 of 7. The full sheet, all 7 pages, opens free in the app.
What this Mechanical Properties of Fluids sheet covers
- Pressure in a fluid
- Pressure and depth
- definition, SI unit the pascal
- absolute pressure at depth h
- gauge pressure
- between two depths
- Depth, shape, piston
- Measuring pressure
- Barometer, manometer, gauge
- The hydraulic lift
- one pressure at both pistons
- force at the wide piston
- the same oil moves, so
- Lift and brake
- Archimedes' principle
- Upthrust and floating
- upthrust, fluid density σ, volume under V
- apparent weight
- floating at rest
- share of the body under the surface
- Weighing and floating
- Streamline flow
- Equation of continuity
- mass in equals mass out
- incompressible fluid
- in one line
- Turbulent flow
- Streamlines, continuity, turbulence
- Bernoulli's principle
- along one streamline, ideal fluid
- horizontal pipe, h fixed
- fluid at rest, v = 0
- Along a pipe, the Venturi meter, Torricelli
- Viscosity
- Newton's law of viscosity
- force on a layer of area A
- two plates, gap l, relative speed v
- SI unit of the coefficient η
- going further: flow through a pipe, pressure drop Δ P over length l
- Layers, pipe, temperature
- Stokes' law and terminal velocity
- drag on a small sphere
- at terminal velocity
- terminal velocity, sphere ρ in a fluid σ
- Terminal velocity at the limits
- Falling ball
- Surface tension
- Surface tension and surface energy
- force per length along the surface
- a film has two surfaces
- work to make new surface
- units
- Molecules, film, energy
- Angle of contact
- the three tensions balance at the edge
- so the angle comes from
- Acute and obtuse contact angle
- Acute (wets)
- Obtuse (non-wetting)
- Water, mercury, detergent
- Excess pressure in a drop and a bubble
- inside a liquid drop, one surface
- inside a soap bubble, two surfaces
- an air bubble inside a liquid
- Capillary rise
- rise or fall in a fine tube of radius r
- the surface's pull balances the column's weight
- Rise, fall, radius
- Traps that cost marks
- Tricks that save time
How CapCompass uses this sheet
These notes are not a standalone PDF. CapCompass plans Physics chapter by chapter against your real exam dates and free hours, and when the plan reaches Mechanical Properties of Fluids the sheet opens inside the study block itself — at the page covering the sub-topic that block is on, with the timer still running. Revision arrives at the moment the plan says revise, instead of having to be gone looking for.