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Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry — Class 11 CBSE Mathematics revision notes

A 3-page visual revision sheet for Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry, written for Class 11 CBSE Mathematics. Formulas, diagrams and the traps that cost marks, laid out to be read the night before rather than the term before. Free, and it opens inside CapCompass.

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Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry in one look

one more axis, one more squared term, same two ideas

Three mutually perpendicular axes

  • space needs three coordinate axes, x, y, z, mutually perpendicular, meeting at origin O
  • the three coordinate planes are XY (where z=0), YZ (where x=0) and ZX (where y=0)
  • a point in space is the triple (x,y,z): signed perpendicular distances from the three planes
  • the origin is (0,0,0); a point on the x-axis has y=0 and z=0 both

The eight octants

  • three coordinate planes cut space into 8 octants, as two axes cut a plane into 4
  • each octant is fixed by the SIGN of x,y,z: (+,+,+) is the first, (-,-,-) the opposite
  • swapping the sign of even one coordinate moves a point into a different octant

Reading a point off its signs

  • (+,+,+): first octant, all three coordinates positive
  • (-,+,+): y and z stay positive, only x flips
  • (+,-,-): only x stays positive
  • (0,0,z): not an octant at all, this sits ON the z-axis itself

Distance between two points

  • P(x_1,y_1,z_1) and Q(x_2,y_2,z_2) PQ=√(x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2+(z_2-z_1)^2
  • distance from the origin OP=√x_1^2+y_1^2+z_1^2

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