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What does the Halogen Derivatives revision sheet cover?

Haloalkane vs Haloarene, Haloalkane, Haloarene, Classifying Monohalogen Compounds, Nomenclature, Preparing Alkyl Halides from Alcohols, halogen acid, reactivity order 3 deg > 2 deg > 1 deg alcohol; ZnCl_2 (Lucas reagent) needed for 1 deg/2 deg but not 3 deg, phosphorus trihalide, PBr_3/PI_3 generated in situ from red P + Br_2/I_2, PCl_5 on an alcohol, thionyl chloride, byproducts are BOTH gases, so no separation needed: the preferred route for straight-chain 1 deg alcohols, Which route wins for R-OH to R-X, Other Preparation Routes.

Is this for Class 12 Maharashtra HSC Chemistry?

Yes, it is written for the Maharashtra HSC Chemistry syllabus.

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Halogen Derivatives — Class 12 Maharashtra HSC Chemistry revision notes

A 7-page visual revision sheet for Halogen Derivatives, written for Class 12 Maharashtra HSC Chemistry. Formulas, diagrams and the traps that cost marks, laid out to be read the night before rather than the term before. Free, and it opens inside CapCompass.

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Halogen Derivatives in one look

a halogen on carbon sets up a leaving group, and everything else follows from how well it leaves

Haloalkane vs Haloarene

Haloalkane

halogen on an sp^3 carbon, e.g. CH_3CH_2Cl
C-X is a normal, moderately polar sigma bond
undergoes nucleophilic substitution readily

Haloarene

halogen directly on an sp^2 aromatic carbon
lone pair conjugates into the ring: C-X gets partial double-bond character
SHORTER and stronger than a haloalkane's: 169 pm vs 178 pm for C-Cl
resists nucleophilic substitution unless an activating group is present

Classifying Monohalogen Compounds

by hydrocarbon skeleton: haloalkane, haloalkene, haloalkyne, haloarene. by halogen count: mono, di, tri or polyhalogen
primary/secondary/tertiary (1 deg/2 deg/3 deg): halide carbon attached to one, two or three other carbons
allylic halide: halogen on sp^3 carbon next to a C=C double bond
benzylic halide: halogen on sp^3 carbon next to an aromatic ring
vinylic halide: halogen ON the sp^2 double-bond carbon itself

Nomenclature

common names: alkyl group name + halide, e.g. ethyl bromide, isopropyl chloride, tert-butyl bromide
IUPAC treats halogen as substituent prefix (chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, fluoro-), cited alphabetically
e.g. CH_3CH_2Br is bromoethane, CH_2=CHCl is 1-chloroethene
dihalobenzenes: common names use o-/m-/p-, IUPAC uses locants 1,2-/1,3-/1,4-

Preparing Alkyl Halides from Alcohols

halogen acid, reactivity order 3 deg > 2 deg > 1 deg alcohol; ZnCl_2 (Lucas reagent) needed for 1 deg/2 deg but not 3 deg R-OH+HXto R-X+H_2O
phosphorus trihalide, PBr_3/PI_3 generated in situ from red P + Br_2/I_2 3R-OH+PX_3to3R-X+H_3PO_3
PCl_5 on an alcohol R-OH+PCl_5to R-Cl+HCl+POCl_3
thionyl chloride, byproducts are BOTH gases, so no separation needed: the preferred route for straight-chain 1 deg alcohols R-OH+SOCl_2to R-Cl+SO_2↑+HCl↑

Page 1 of 7. The full sheet, all 7 pages, opens free in the app.

What this Halogen Derivatives sheet covers

Haloalkane vs Haloarene
Haloalkane
Haloarene
Classifying Monohalogen Compounds
Nomenclature
Preparing Alkyl Halides from Alcohols
halogen acid, reactivity order 3 deg > 2 deg > 1 deg alcohol; ZnCl_2 (Lucas reagent) needed for 1 deg/2 deg but not 3 deg
phosphorus trihalide, PBr_3/PI_3 generated in situ from red P + Br_2/I_2
PCl_5 on an alcohol
thionyl chloride, byproducts are BOTH gases, so no separation needed: the preferred route for straight-chain 1 deg alcohols
Which route wins for R-OH to R-X
Other Preparation Routes
Physical Properties
Chirality and Optical Isomerism
Finding a chiral carbon
SN1 vs SN2 Mechanism
SN1
SN2
SN1 solvolysis of a 3 deg halide
Ambident Nucleophiles
Factors Deciding SN1/SN2
Reaction with Active Metals
Reactions of Haloarenes
Uses and Environmental Effects of Polyhalogen Compounds
Ozone Depletion by CFCs
UV light breaks the weakest bond in the CFC
the chlorine atom destroys ozone catalytically, then regenerates
Traps that cost marks
Tricks that save time

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