Effects of Electric Current — Class 10 Maharashtra SSC Science revision notes
A 4-page visual revision sheet for Effects of Electric Current, written for Class 10 Maharashtra SSC Science. Formulas, diagrams and the traps that cost marks, laid out to be read the night before rather than the term before. Free, and it opens inside CapCompass.
Page 1 as PDF
Effects of Electric Current in one look
heat from resistance, magnetism from motion, and current induced back again
The heating effect
- a current passing through a resistance produces heat, because the moving charges collide with the atoms of the conductor
- Joule's law: the heat produced is H = I^2Rt, proportional to the square of the current, the resistance and the time
- since the current is squared, doubling it produces four times the heat, which is the most useful thing to know here
- the heating effect is wanted in an electric heater, iron, geyser and filament lamp, where the element has a high resistance
- it is unwanted in motors and transformers, where it wastes energy and has to be carried away
- a fuse uses the effect deliberately: a thin wire of low melting point that melts and breaks the circuit if the current grows too large
Heat, power and energy
- Joule's law of heating
H = I^2Rt - electrical power, three equivalent forms
P = VI = I^2R = V^2/R - energy used in time t
E = Pt - the commercial unit of energy
1 kWh = 3.6 × 10^6 J - Ohm's law, underlying all of these
V = IR
Cost of running an appliance
Q. A 1500 W heater runs for 4 hours a day for 30 days. Find the energy used in kWh and the cost at ₹5 per unit.
- convert the power to kilowatts: 1500 W = 1.5 kW
- the total time is 4 hours a day for 30 days, that is 120 hours
- energy in kilowatt hours is power in kW times time in hours: 1.5 × 120
- so the energy used is 180 kWh, and one kWh is one unit
- the cost is 180 × 5
- therefore the cost is ₹900, and note that the whole calculation stays in kW and hours, with no conversion to joules needed
Answer: 180 kWh, costing ₹900
Page 1 of 4. The full sheet, all 4 pages, opens free in the app.
What this Effects of Electric Current sheet covers
- Heating effect of current
- Joule's law
- The heating effect
- Heat, power and energy
- Joule's law of heating
- electrical power, three equivalent forms
- energy used in time t
- the commercial unit of energy
- Ohm's law, underlying all of these
- Cost of running an appliance
- Magnetic effect of current
- Solenoid
- Electromagnet
- The magnetic effect
- Force on a conductor, and the motor
- Electromagnetic induction
- Generator
- Fleming's right hand rule
- Motor against generator
- Motor
- Wiring and safety at home
- Symbols in this chapter
- Traps that cost marks
- Tricks that save time
How CapCompass uses this sheet
These notes are not a standalone PDF. CapCompass plans Science chapter by chapter against your real exam dates and free hours, and when the plan reaches Effects of Electric Current the sheet opens inside the study block itself — at the page covering the sub-topic that block is on, with the timer still running. Revision arrives at the moment the plan says revise, instead of having to be gone looking for.
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