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Towards Green Energy — Class 10 Maharashtra SSC Science revision notes

A 4-page visual revision sheet for Towards Green Energy, written for Class 10 Maharashtra SSC Science. Formulas, diagrams and the traps that cost marks, laid out to be read the night before rather than the term before. Free, and it opens inside CapCompass.

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Towards Green Energy in one look

why the fuels we burn cannot last, and what the alternatives cost as well as give

The two kinds of source

  • non-renewable sources exist in a fixed amount and are used far faster than they form: coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear fuel
  • renewable sources are replenished naturally on a human timescale: solar, wind, water, tidal, geothermal and biomass
  • fossil fuels took millions of years to form from buried remains, which is why using them is effectively spending a fixed store
  • burning them releases carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, along with oxides of sulphur and nitrogen
  • those oxides dissolve in rain to give acid rain, which damages crops, buildings and water life
  • so the case for changing is both that the supply runs out and that the burning does harm

The renewable sources

  • Solar: photovoltaic cells turn sunlight straight into electricity, and solar cookers and water heaters use the heat. Free and clean, but no output at night and it needs a large area
  • Wind: moving air turns a turbine. Clean and cheap to run, but needs a steady wind above about 15 km per hour, so only some sites work
  • Hydroelectric: falling water turns a turbine. Reliable and long lasting, but a dam floods land and displaces people and disturbs river life
  • Biogas: microbes break down dung and waste without air, giving mostly methane. It burns cleanly and the slurry left over is a good fertiliser

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