Biomolecules — Class 11 Maharashtra HSC Biology revision notes
A 10-page visual revision sheet for Biomolecules, written for Class 11 Maharashtra HSC Biology. Formulas, diagrams and the traps that cost marks, laid out to be read the night before rather than the term before. Free, and it opens inside CapCompass.
Page 1 as PDF
Biomolecules in one look
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and enzymes, the chemistry a living cell runs on
Biomolecules in the Cell
- chemical analysis of every living organism finds the same common elements
- carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and others
- living organisms build three macromolecules, all polymers of simple monomers
- polysaccharides (from monosaccharides), polypeptides (amino acids), polynucleotides (nucleotides)
- lipids are a separate case: water insoluble, small molecular weight
- not built by this same monomer-polymer logic
Carbohydrates: General
- "hydrates of carbon", also called saccharides; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen only
- general formula Cx(H2O)y, H to O always 2:1, the ratio of water
- can be oxidised (broken down) to release energy
- classified by sugar unit count into monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
- all monosaccharides are reducing sugars: a free aldehyde or ketone group
- reduces Benedict's reagent (Cu2+ to Cu+) by donating hydrogens/electrons
Monosaccharides by Carbon Count
- Triose, 3C: e.g. Glyceraldehyde
- Tetrose, 4C: e.g. Erythrose
- Pentose, 5C: e.g. Ribose (RNA), deoxyribose (DNA)
- Hexose, 6C: e.g. Glucose (blood sugar), Fructose (fruit sugar), Galactose
- Heptose, 7C: e.g. Sedoheptulose
Page 1 of 10. The full sheet, all 10 pages, opens free in the app.
What this Biomolecules sheet covers
- Biomolecules in the Cell
- Carbohydrates: General
- Monosaccharides by Carbon Count
- Triose, 3C
- Tetrose, 4C
- Pentose, 5C
- Hexose, 6C
- Heptose, 7C
- Three Named Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Three Disaccharides on Hydrolysis
- Polysaccharides
- Homo- and Heteropolysaccharides
- Homopolysaccharide
- Heteropolysaccharide
- Carbohydrates, Biological Significance
- Lipids: Fatty Acids
- Simple Lipids
- Compound and Derived Lipids
- Phospholipids
- Glycolipids
- Sterols
- Proteins, Structure
- Basic and Acidic Proteins
- Basic proteins
- Acidic proteins
- Proteins, Classification by Structure
- Protein Structure, One Level Each
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Quaternary
- Nucleic Acids, Building Blocks
- The DNA Double Helix
- RNA and Its Three Types
- DNA and RNA
- DNA
- RNA
- Enzymes, Nature and Properties
- Naming and Classifying Enzymes
- Six Enzyme Classes
- Mechanism of Enzyme Action
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Metabolism and the Metabolic Pool
- Secondary Metabolites
- Symbols
- Traps that cost marks
- Tricks that save time
How CapCompass uses this sheet
These notes are not a standalone PDF. CapCompass plans Biology chapter by chapter against your real exam dates and free hours, and when the plan reaches Biomolecules the sheet opens inside the study block itself — at the page covering the sub-topic that block is on, with the timer still running. Revision arrives at the moment the plan says revise, instead of having to be gone looking for.
More Biology Class 11 revision notes
- Animal Tissue
- Cell Division
- Cell Structure and Organization
- Excretion and Osmoregulation
- Human Nutrition
- Kingdom Animalia
- Kingdom Plantae
- Living World
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Photosynthesis
- Plant Tissues and Anatomy
- Respiration and Energy Transfer
- Skeleton and Movement
- Study of Animal Type: Cockroach
- Systematics of Living Organisms