Human Nutrition — Class 11 Maharashtra HSC Biology revision notes
A 7-page visual revision sheet for Human Nutrition, written for Class 11 Maharashtra HSC Biology. Formulas, diagrams and the traps that cost marks, laid out to be read the night before rather than the term before. Free, and it opens inside CapCompass.
Page 1 as PDF
Human Nutrition in one look
the tube that turns a meal into monomers, gland by gland, sphincter by sphincter
The Alimentary Canal, In Order
- nutrition: the sum of processes by which an organism consumes and uses food
- ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion, together
- digestion: complex, non-diffusible food converted into simple, diffusible, assimilable substances
- the alimentary canal is one long tube, 8 to 10 metres, mouth to anus
- buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus (about 25 cm), stomach (25 to 30 cm, J shaped)
- small intestine (about 6 m: duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
- large intestine (1.5 m: caecum, colon, rectum), then the anus
- digestive glands feeding in: three pairs of salivary glands, the liver, and the pancreas
Human Dentition, Three Labels
- thecodont: each tooth fixed in its own socket by a gomphosis joint
- diphyodont: only two sets in a lifetime, milk teeth then permanent teeth
- heterodont: four different tooth types, not all alike
- incisors (I), canines (C), premolars (PM), molars (M)
A Tooth, Layer by Layer
| Layer | Detail |
|---|---|
| Crown | projects above the gum, covered by enamel (hardest substance in the body: calcium phosphate and carbonate); a short neck joins it to the root |
| Dentin | gives the tooth its basic shape; encloses the pulp cavity (blood vessels, nerves), extending into the root as the root canal |
| Cementum | bone-like layer covering the root's dentin, anchors it into the gum socket |
Mouth, Pharynx, Oesophagus
- tongue: muscular, papillae on its upper surface carry taste buds
- pharynx: a shared passage for food and air
- the epiglottis flaps shut over the glottis during swallowing (deglutition), keeping food out of the trachea
- oesophagus: mucus-lined, moves the bolus by peristalsis
- peristalsis: the rhythmic wave of longitudinal and circular muscle contraction
Page 1 of 7. The full sheet, all 7 pages, opens free in the app.
What this Human Nutrition sheet covers
- The Alimentary Canal, In Order
- Human Dentition, Three Labels
- A Tooth, Layer by Layer
- Mouth, Pharynx, Oesophagus
- Stomach, Four Regions
- Gut Wall, Four Layers
- The Three Digestive Glands
- Salivary glands
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Liver's Other Jobs
- Digestion in the Mouth
- Digestion in the Stomach
- Digestion in the Small Intestine
- Digestive Enzymes, Source to Product
- Neurohormonal Control of Secretion
- Absorption, Region by Region
- Mouth and stomach
- Small and large intestine
- Fat Absorption, the One Detour
- Kwashiorkor vs Marasmus
- Kwashiorkor
- Marasmus
- Disorders of the Digestive System
- Constipation
- Diarrhoea
- Jaundice
- Vomiting
- Physiological Value of Food, per Gram
- Terms Worth Keeping Straight
- Traps that cost marks
- Tricks that save time
How CapCompass uses this sheet
These notes are not a standalone PDF. CapCompass plans Biology chapter by chapter against your real exam dates and free hours, and when the plan reaches Human Nutrition the sheet opens inside the study block itself — at the page covering the sub-topic that block is on, with the timer still running. Revision arrives at the moment the plan says revise, instead of having to be gone looking for.
More Biology Class 11 revision notes
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- Biomolecules
- Cell Division
- Cell Structure and Organization
- Excretion and Osmoregulation
- Kingdom Animalia
- Kingdom Plantae
- Living World
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Photosynthesis
- Plant Tissues and Anatomy
- Respiration and Energy Transfer
- Skeleton and Movement
- Study of Animal Type: Cockroach
- Systematics of Living Organisms