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Carbon : An Important Element — Class 9 Maharashtra SSC Science revision notes

A 4-page visual revision sheet for Carbon : An Important Element, written for Class 9 Maharashtra SSC Science. Formulas, diagrams and the traps that cost marks, laid out to be read the night before rather than the term before. Free, and it opens inside CapCompass.

Carbon : An Important Element revision notes, page 1 of 4 Page 1 as PDF
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Carbon : An Important Element in one look

one element, two very different crystals, and the millions of compounds its bonding allows

Why carbon is special

  • carbon has four valence electrons, so it needs four more to complete its shell
  • gaining or losing four electrons would take far too much energy, so carbon shares instead and forms covalent bonds
  • tetravalency means it forms four bonds, so it can attach four different atoms or groups
  • catenation is its ability to bond to other carbon atoms, forming chains, branches and rings of great length
  • the carbon to carbon bond is unusually strong and stable, which is why those chains survive
  • these together are why carbon has millions of compounds while all the other elements together have far fewer

Diamond and graphite

Diamond
  • each carbon bonded to four others
  • a rigid three dimensional network
  • the hardest natural substance
  • does not conduct, no free electrons
  • used for cutting, drilling and jewellery
Graphite
  • each carbon bonded to three others
  • flat layers held together only weakly
  • soft and slippery, the layers slide
  • conducts electricity, one electron per atom is free
  • used in pencils, as a lubricant and for electrodes

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Open the full Carbon : An Important Element sheet →Free, works offline, no account needed. All 4 pages, plus a study plan built around your own exam dates.

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