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What does the Elements of Group 1 and 2 revision sheet cover?

Hydrogen: where does it belong?, Occurrence, Isotopes of hydrogen, Preparation of dihydrogen, Properties of dihydrogen, Group 1 and group 2: introduction, Condensed electronic configurations, Trends in atomic and physical properties, Worked: why is Mg's first I.E. higher than Na's?, Reaction with oxygen/air, Reaction with water, hydrogen and halogens, Reducing nature and solution in liquid ammonia.

Is this for Class 11 Maharashtra HSC Chemistry?

Yes, it is written for the Maharashtra HSC Chemistry syllabus.

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Elements of Group 1 and 2 — Class 11 Maharashtra HSC Chemistry revision notes

A 8-page visual revision sheet for Elements of Group 1 and 2, written for Class 11 Maharashtra HSC Chemistry. Formulas, diagrams and the traps that cost marks, laid out to be read the night before rather than the term before. Free, and it opens inside CapCompass.

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Elements of Group 1 and 2 in one look

hydrogen alone at the top, then the alkali metals and the alkaline earths beneath

Hydrogen: where does it belong?

H's config is 1s^1: matches ns^1 (group 1) by outer count
but also resembles ns^2np^5 (group 17): one more electron completes a shell either way
chemically H shows BOTH resemblances: forms M^+X^- halides like an alkali metal
H_2+Cl_2→2HCl matches 2Na+Cl_2→2NaCl
and reacts with metals to form hydrides, like a halogen forms a halide
H^+ is unique: a bare proton, never exists freely
always attached to something else, e.g. H^++H_2O→ H_3O^+
this dual, unresolved character places hydrogen SEPARATELY, above group 1
but not counted among the alkali metals

Occurrence

most abundant element in the universe, ~70% of its mass
principal element of the sun and stars
on Earth: 10th most abundant by mass, 3rd by atom count
occurs free as dihydrogen, H_2, hence its common name

Isotopes of hydrogen

name	symbol	Z	A	N	abundance	stability
hydrogen (protium)	^1_1H	1	1	0	99.98%	stable
deuterium	^2_1H (D)	1	2	1	0.015%	stable
tritium	^3_1H (T)	1	3	2	trace	radioactive, t_1/2=12.4 yr

Preparation of dihydrogen

laboratory: Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)→ ZnCl_2(aq)+H_2(g)
or zinc with aqueous NaOH: Zn+2NaOH→ Na_2ZnO_2+H_2
industrial electrolysis: dilute H_2SO_4 gives 2 volumes H_2 at the cathode per 1 O_2
high-purity (>99.5%) H_2 comes from electrolysing warm Ba(OH)_2 between nickel electrodes
industrial, from hydrocarbons: steam + hydrocarbon/coke over Ni at 1270 K gives 'syngas' (CO+H_2)
water-gas shift: CO+H_2O→ CO_2+H_2 (iron chromate catalyst) converts the CO
CO_2 is then scrubbed out with sodium arsenite
today's split: ~77% petrochemicals, ~18% coal, ~4% electrolytic, ~1% other

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What this Elements of Group 1 and 2 sheet covers

Hydrogen: where does it belong?
Occurrence
Isotopes of hydrogen
Preparation of dihydrogen
Properties of dihydrogen
Group 1 and group 2: introduction
Condensed electronic configurations
Trends in atomic and physical properties
Worked: why is Mg's first I.E. higher than Na's?
Reaction with oxygen/air
Reaction with water, hydrogen and halogens
Reducing nature and solution in liquid ammonia
Worked: oxidation state of Na in Na2O2
Diagonal relationship
Li vs Mg
Be vs Al
Group 2, the same way down
Uses, group 1
Li
Na
K
Cs
Uses, group 2
Be
Mg-Al alloy
Ca
Ba
Ra
Biological roles
Group 1 ions
Group 2 ions
Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.10H2O (washing soda)
Sodium hydroxide, NaOH (caustic soda)
Calcium carbonate, CaCO3
Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2
Worked: percentage strength from volume strength
Lithium aluminium hydride, LiAlH4
Traps that cost marks
Tricks that save time

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